A high quality coke should be able to support a smooth descent of the blast furnace burden with. And even bronze can fail to fulfil an inner melting need. The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce and convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Robust descriptions of the main equipment and systems, process technologies, and best practices used in. Pdf design of blast furnace crucibles by means of the nodal. Health and safety executive contents introduction 3 executive summary 3 the event 3 the cause 3 the investigation 4 lessons 4 background 8 the company 8 the plant 8 the management structure 8 the blast furnace 9 the structure of the blast furnace 9 the ironmaking process 11 no. Step 2a the blast furnace the sinter is added through a hopper at the top of the blast furnace. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Ieaghgiets iron and steel industry ccus and process integration workshop, tokyo, japan, 4 7 november 20. Grinding reduces the particle size to a cement fineness for use as a hydraulic cement, which is typically less than 3500 cm 2 g. Process design of furnaces project standards and specifications page 7 of 33 rev. This section introduces furnaces and refractories and explains the various design and operation aspects. They can be up to 60 metres 200 ft tall and 15 metres 49 ft in diameter.
These days, mbfs are equipped with 3 numbers hot blast stoves with rotary tangential dome combustion design. This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. By malik mubashir university of the punjab lahore, pakistan 2. Now there are nearly 700 blast furnace available in world. Way more information than you ever wanted on how to fell a tree. Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to aircooled and expanded blast furnace slag, has a relatively smooth texture and rounded shape. The pipe fixing design prevents the stave from bending in at the corners and allows the stave to thermally expand and move during its operation.
Larger blast furnace, use of better prepared burden, recovery of waste energy, and maximum recovery of slag characterize the iron making technology proposed for vsp. Cognizant that the raw materials used in ironmaking are granular bodies, tanaka et al. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin. Pdf technological changes in blast furnace iron making. Blast furnaces are similar to furnaces, but can smelt only ore blocks and toolsarmor made of iron, gold or chainmail. Abstract the mittal steel company operates about 36 blast furnaces on four continents. Blast furnace simulation download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Process analysis for blast furnaces by the discrete element method. Santanu chakraborty, in treatise on process metallurgy. Blast furnace design ironmaking our activities site. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212.
A new blast furnace shell means the use of the standard. Air heated in the blast furnace stoves, is applied from the bottom of the. The ussr was the world leader in largevolume blast furnace manufacture. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Blast furnace sizing considerations for incredible india. Once an item and a fuel are placed into the blast furnace, the block state changes to lit and the item is smelted twice as fast as a regular furnace. The corrosionerosion in the main trough is caused by the turbulent mix of metal and slag. Paul wurth designs its valves to meet and exceed the most severe operating conditions to be expected in blast furnace operation. The main reason for this effect is that the blast furnace process primarily takes place within the outer 3 meters of the blast furnace interior, i. The correct design of the furnace proper is fundamental to reliable operation, metallurgical performance, sustained high productivity and long campaign life. This is because though although the blast furnace process has a long history. We are the total engineering company for all ironmaking equipments of nsengis blast furnace. Pdf file click here for printable worksheet a simplified diagram of a blast furnace is drawn below. We are the total engineering company for all iron making equipments of nsengis blast furnace.
Summart the initial design of the blast furnace bosh is important as it will play an integral part in determining the condition of the bosh as the furnace campaign progresses. They have thick steel sides, lined with refractory bricks, to ensure that heat is not lost. R e f r a c t o r i e s f o r b l a s t f u r n a c erefractories for blast furnace 5 dimensional tolerances the dimensional tolerances of bricks. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Step 2 the blast furnace the outer case is a water cooled steel casing that provides the main support for the 30 m high furnace. Reasonable allocation of firebrick, reasonable choice of blast furnace cooling equipment, reasonable design of tuyere and iron outlet. The blast furnace is a tall, vertical shaft furnace which uses coke to reduce. The main complex design parameters for diagnostics of blastfurnace. Blast furnace ironmaking plant is an important part of iron and steel. It was believed at the end of the xxth century that pro duction of pig iron in blast furnaces would be replaced by more competitive means for.
Furnace manufacturers can use the furnxpert program to accurately and efficiently size furnaces for their customers, while heat treaters, process engineers, and plant operators can use the design and analysis software to determine the best setup for any. Up to today, lining materials have been supplied to about 50 blast furnaces in italy and abroad always achieving excellent results and acquiring a solid reputation among the users. So it was only a matter of time before i set out to melt iron. Blast furnace slag bfs which is defined as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumina silicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace by astm c 12516 2016 has been widely used in construction industry for more than 80 years. Process analysis for blast furnaces by the discrete element method flows1. Development of mathematical model of blast furnace nippon steel. Therefore, it is worthwhile to design better furnace inner shapes. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. Calculation of blast furnace size is empirical in nature. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. Blast furnace valves ironmaking our activities site. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. Pdf effect of inner shape on blast furnace performance for iron.
The charge, which consists of iron ore, coke and limestone etc. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin design for blast furnaces b. A blast furnace is a special type of furnace for smelting iron from ore. These models have been used for the analysis and the opera tion design of actual operation. Pdf recent developments in blast furnace technology.
Furnaces and refractories fusion dust and slag or by the action of alkalies on fireclay refractories, to form alkalialumina silicates. Modeling of burden distribution in the blast furnace doria. Figure 2 a shows a schematic diagram of blast furnace interior. Blast furnaces are considered to be strategic tools in the. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. In general, blast furnaces energy requirement constitutes 70% of overall iron and steel production process and this amount almost equal to 50. Blast furnaces are also called high ovens a blast furnace is usually built with a steel case and bricks made of magnesium oxide or other refractory material inside. Blast furnace an introduction blast furnace is the focus of any integrated steel plant. Pdf the nodal wear model nwm is used to explain and quantify the causes for the occurrence of different corrosion profiles observed in the.
The design of a modern bf is generally based on the concept of a free standing unit with a surrounding building structure, providing access to the furnace and support for the bf. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. Blast furnace is used to reduce the iron ore to iron. Smelting equipment yields one iron or gold nugget from their respective materials. Click download or read online button to get blast furnace simulation book now. Project standards and specifications page 7 of 33 rev. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate. Early deterioration of the bosh can influence the operations and potential future production levels. In the latter half of the past century blast furnaces with the working volume of 86, 15, 1719, 2002, 2300, 2700, 3200, 5014, 5580 m3 were manu factured.
The largest blast furnace in india at that time was of 2000 m 3. Design of blast furnace crucibles by means of the nodal wear model. Amongst all the ironmaking processes, the blast furnace technology, which has been around the longest, still holds the dominant position. How a blast furnace works introduction the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Any material expands when heat ed, and contracts when cooled.
The burden charge consisting of iron oxide, flux and coke and it provides through the throat from the top of the furnace. A huge production of steel throughout the world requires sufficiently large production of hot metal. The design service is at the customers disposal to provide him with the most pro. These small 20 foot diameter silica design stoves were built in 1985 and operated for three years.
After awhile a guy like me get tired of just melting aluminum. Smallvolume blastfurnaces the future of blastfurnace. Of the several operating cases, the one in which the heater duty is the highest, shall be regarded as the normal case. Media in category drawings of blast furnaces the following 127 files are in this category, out of 127 total. Introduction blast furnace ironmaking is the process of smelting iron ore including natural ore and artificial enrichment into pig iron. The small bell then closes, to seal the blast furnace, while the large bell dispenses the charge into the blast furnace. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. Unless otherwise specified, the design duty shall be 110% of the furnace duty. The design of the hopper stops gases escaping through the top as sinter is added. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. For new turnkey installations of any capacity as well as for plant rebuilds, the modern blast furnace designs produced by paul wurth are based on the concept of a. Request pdf blast furnace process the objective of the blast furnace bf is to produce hot metal. How can co 2emission from the blast furnace be reduced.
The following table shows the history of blast furnace lining life. Iron blast furnace is a vertical shaft, which is used to melt the iron ore and to produce hot metal by heat exchange and chemical reaction. Unless otherwise specified, the design duty shall be 110% of the furnace duty in the normal case. Blast furnace bosh design and repairs page 1 of 15 b2045 1. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. Ironmaking blast furnaces consist of several zones. Overall process of blast furnace is given in figure 1. A world class blast furnace operation demands the highest quality of raw materials, operation, and operators. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Logicalmathematical evaluation model of blastfurnace melting. The first bfg firing gas turbine 850 kw in japan, of our unique design, was developed in 1958 and delivered as a prime mover for blast furnace blower to yawata steel corp.
Blast furnace products and there use size of blast furnace design of blast furnace is evolved through experience. A typical blast furnace may be up to 32 metres in height and 10 metres in diameter. This paper conducted numerical simulations of performance for the blast. Process analysis for blast furnaces by the discrete. These aggregates increased the productivity and therefore proved the economic benefit of the blastfurnace.
Analysis, control, and optimization uses a fundamental first principles approach to prepare a blast furnace mass and energy balance in excel. The hot blast system design is done normally in such a way so that the hot blast temperature can be maintained at 1200 deg c by using the bf gas as fuel. A furnace is an equipment used to melt metals for casting or to heat materials to change their shape e. In order to operate a blast furnace stably and economically, it is important to form an inversev shaped, cohesive zone in the high ore coke cohesive zone central gas improvement of liquid permeability in deadman formation of cohesive zone as inverse v shape deadman deadman. Compared to this, elsewhere furnaces up to 5070 m 3 had. The tuyeres are fed with hot blast from the bustle main through blow pipes. Coke is the most important raw material fed into the blast furnace in terms of its effect on blast furnace operation and hot metal quality. Practices and design for extending the hearth life in the. The design of a blast furnace bf plays a fundamental role in its reliable operation, metallurgical performance, sustained high productivity and long campaign life. This article focuses on computer software that functions as a furnace design and setup tool.